Topics in Commerce
Advantages of division of labor Disadvantages of division of labor Types of specialization Specialization and Exchange Historical background of commerce in Nigeria Disadvantages of barter system Contract of Employment: Terms of employment contract Principle of Marketing: People as a marketing mix and their importance Principle of Marketing: Positioning as a marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Packaging as a marketing mix Elements of promotion in marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Promotion as a marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Place as a marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Price as a marketing mix Principles of Marketing: The seven principles of marketing mix Factors necessary for division of labour Disadvantages of division of labour Advantages of division of labour Concept of Outbound Marketing Inbound Marketing explainedAcademic Questions in Commerce
In commerce, the concept of paying in advanced is termed _____.
A. Advanced payment
B. Up payment
C. Forward payment
D. Prepayment
E. Uphill payment
F. Adpayment
In commerce, the concept of 'buy now, pay later' is termed _____.
A. Unadventurous payment
B. Buy on credit payment
C. Deferred payment
D. Postponed payment
E. Owed payment
F. Future payment
In commerce, which of the following is false with regards to a commodity?
A. A commodity must always have a market value
B. Rendered services are also instances of commodities
C. Products applicable to commodities can be bought or sold with money
D. A commodity must be standardized
E. A commodity must be usable upon delivery
F. Commodities can be traded in the futures market
Whatever is being marketed must always provide value to its potential consumers.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following is not a branch of marketing?
A. Merchandising
B. Promotions
C. Forex
D. Search Media Optimization
E. Social Media Optimization
F. Copywriting
Which of the following is not a characteristics of commerce?
A. The only aim of commerce is to make profit
B. It is a discontinuous process after profit had been made
C. It is accompanied with challenges and uncertainties
D. It is 100% business and economic activity
E. Transaction processes are always involved in commerce
F. It connects the process of production and marketing
Which of the following is not a function of commerce?
A. Unnecessary in times of emergencies like earthquakes and wars
B. Facilitates mass production of goods
C. Influences transportation network within and outside a state
D. Attempts to satisfy human needs and wants
E. Improves the standard of living
F. Acts as an online business link between buyers and sellers
One of the following is a form of division of labour.
Forms of division of labour relates the various ways through which division of labour may be carried out.
Take for instance, in a country like America, one state may choose to specialize in the production of a cars while another specializes in a different area, lets say agriculture.
The above instance presents some sort of division of labour with regards to both states.
Before we delve into the forms of division of labour, an understanding on the concept of division of labour will prove useful.
Please read on the concepts of division of labour here.
Below are some explanations on the forms of division of labour:
This form of division of labour relates to process specialization.
Process specialization implies that the work done by an organization will be divided into different and specific processes, with a person or group of persons handling each process.
An instance of process specialization is seen in a bottled water company. The processes involved can be divided as follows:
Understand that mass production industries will always embark on this form of division of labour.
Please read on the factors necessary for division of labour here.
Occupational division of labour relates to the various occupation available in a society, country or state.
As an instance, in every society, we have teachers, bankers, doctors, lawyers, architects, drivers and so on. Each of these are professionals in their respective fields.
You can read on careers in physical and health education here.
Occupational division of labour therefore requires that the societal jobs are shared among people who are experts in regards to their respective occupation. As a result, teachers will be dedicated towards the training and teaching of pupils and students while the doctors are specialized in saving lives.
Please read on the responsibilities, duties and obligations of a Citizen here.
The various functions of each aforementioned professionals will stabilize a country's economy. If a strike action is embarked by an occupational segment of the society, for instance, the medical sector (doctors), lives will be lost.
Please read on the disadvantages of division of labour here.
The geographical location of industries will affect this form of division of labour. The instance below explains the geographic division of labour:
A region like Nigeria specializes in production and export of petroleum. Similarly, another region, state or country specializes in the conversion of petroleum into its various fractions like petrol and kerosene. They export these fractions to Nigeria and other countries.
Another reference to geographical division of labour is the city of Bombay and Democratic Republic of Congo.
Bombay is distinguished for its cotton production, while the Democratic Republic of Congo is widely know for cobalt mining.
Please read on business and characteristics of business here.
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Amazing facts in Commerce
According to research, the problem isn't the amount of food produced; the actual problem is the distribution of these foods. In this regard, we actually produce enough food to feed everyone on earth, but their distribution remains an underlying problem
With Amazon Smile, you can donate 0.5 percent of your purchases to a charity of your choosing
Check it out here
The brewery, Sankt Gallen in Japan, produces a beer called Un Kono Kuro from elephant's dung
North Korea and Cuba are the only countries in the world where you can't buy Coca-Cola
Amazon is an e-commerce website launched in 1995. It did not make any profit for its first seven years.
Amazon's first profit was in 2003. Its founder 'Jeff Bezos' is the richest man in the world as at 2018/2019
Notable points in Commerce
The theory of international trade is guided by the principle of comparative cost. This principle was propounded by David Richards.
The principle of comparative cost states that a country should specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a greater comparative advantage or the least comparative disadvantage.
Below is an instance on the principle of comparative cost.
Now, let us assume we have two countries producing and exporting rice and beans respectively.
From the above instance, it can also be said that country B is at a disadvantage with regards to the production of rice and beans. Infact, it has a bigger comparative disadvantage with regards to beans production.
The point to note here is this: A country utilizing the principle of comparative cost will always produce quality goods and services at a cheaper cost.
No single country manufactures all the goods and services in our world. This implies that every country of the world relies on certain goods and services imported (or brought in) from other countries.
Foreign trade is defined as the exchange of goods, services and capital between two or more countries.
Foreign trade is also termed as international trade.
Division of labour can be defined as the act of splitting job process into a number of different processes such that each process is done by a different person or group of persons.
Through the process of division of labour, one worker may constantly perform a specific aspect of the job and as a result, may become specialized in that area.
The result of specialization in the different department of a job will imply the production of goods with better quality.
Forms of division of labour relates the various ways through which division of labour may be carried out.
Take for instance, within a country, one state may choose to specialize in the production of a cars while another specializes in a different area, let's say agriculture.
Below are the forms of division of labour
Complex division of labour
Occupational division of labour
Geographical division of labour
Balance of Trade can be defined as the total value of goods imported and exported by a country during a specific period; usually yearly or annually.
Balance of trade can be either positive, negative or zero
A positive balance of trade implies that a country exports more goods than its imports. China as a country is likely to have a positive balance of trade since it exports a variety of goods to other countries.
A negative balance of trade is often considered as an unfavorable balance of trade since the country's importation exceeds its exportation. Nigeria (as at 2018) is likely to have a negative balance of trade.
A zero balance of trade is reached when imports equal exports.
Please read on balance of trade and balance of payments here.