In chemistry, hydrocarbons can be classified as either aliphatic or aromatic. Recently, both classifications of hydrocarbon were based on their structure rather than their origin.

Aliphatic hydrocarbons are put into three main groups according to the types of bonds they possess. These are:

1. Alkanes

2. Alkenes

3. Alkynes

They are shown in the image below:

It's important to note the followings:

• Alkanes have single bonds (only) in their structures.

• Alkenes always have a carbon-carbon double bond present in their structure.

• Alkynes always have a carbon-carbon triple bond present in their structure.

 

Aromatic hydrocarbons are classified into:

• Arenes: They contain benzene ring as a structural unit. Below is the structure of a benzene ring.

 

• Nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons: They possess special stability but lack a benzene ring as a structural unit.

Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon and it's compounds.

Carbon is the focus of organic chemistry because it has a wide chemical diversity in the sense that it can combine with other carbon atoms to form a long chain of carbon molecule. This ability and process whereby carbon can form a long chain of itself is called catenation.

Please read the introduction to organic chemistry here

Chemistry

Marketing is a broad field of study. Below are branches or divisions of marketing:

• Advertising

• Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

• Merchandising

• Branding

• Promotions

• Copywriting

• Social Media Optimization (SMO)

• Event planning

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• Graphic Design

• Internet Marketing

Commerce

Marketing is defined as any activity or process aimed at getting people interested in a company’s product or service.

The processes utilized in marketing can take place via posters, public relations campaigns, handbills, social media, radio and television, buses, walls along the streets, the internet or just anywhere.

Below are some of the branches of marketing:

• Advertising

• Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

• Merchandising

• Branding

• Promotions

• Copywriting

• Social Media Optimization (SMO)

• Event planning

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• Graphic Design

• Internet Marketing

Please read more on marketing here

Commerce

Waste Management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.

Improperly disposed waste litters on road sides, in land fills, gutters and ditches. They are generally bad for the following reasons:

• The waste block drainages hence resulting to flooding, especially during the rainy seasons.
  Please read on erosion here.

• They generate bad smells which can be dangerous to health.

• They constitute nuisance and eyesore.

• They become homes to various disease causing organisms.
  Please read on vectors of diseases here.

Basic Science

Wastes can be classified into various types. These are:

• Biodegradable waste

• Non-Biodegradable waste

• Refuse

• Sewage

• Recyclable waste

• Electronic waste

• Green waste

• Biomedical waste

• Metabolic waste

• Radioactive waste

• Chemical waste

• Animal product waste

Please read the explanations on the classification of wastes here

Basic Science

The African Star Apple is a seasonal fruit that grows abundantly in Nigeria and other West African Countries. It's fondly called African Cherry, Agbalumo or Udara in some parts of Nigeria.

Below are some benefits of the African Star Apple:

• It contains high amount of vitamin C

• It contains a high amount of calcium

• It contains high amount of potassium

• It is a powerful antioxidant

• It aids in weight reduction

• It contains a high amount of iron

• Its leaves, fruits and seeds are medicinal

• It aids digestion and prevents vomiting

Please read more on the african star apple here

Basic Science

The organs of government (also referred to as arms of government or branches of government) are:

1. Executive

2. Legislature

3. Judiciary

These three arms of government serves as a separation of power.

Separation of Power implies that they carry out their distinct (separate) functions and responsibilities in accordance to the nation's constitution.

The president (who is number one citizen of a country and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces) is the head of the executive arm of government. It is the responsibility of the executive to enforce or execute the law.

 

The legislature is a group of elected persons who are required to make law.

In Nigeria, the legislature consist of the bicameral national assembly which are:

1. The upper house or chamber (Senate)

2. The lower house or chamber (House of Representative)

 

The judiciary is an independent arm of government whose power is enforced in the courts.

Like the executive and legislature, they function under the guidance of the constitution.

Please read more on the organs of government here

Government

Below are some functions of the executive arm of government:

1. They ensure the security of the citizens in a country.

2. The executive cannot pass laws into the constitution. Instead, they can forward bills to the legislature (or parliament) which will deliberate upon it. (Think of 'bill' as a proposal to be made into law; which will be submitted to the parliament in the form of a draft act).

3. It is the president's responsibility to provide quality healthcare system, education, good roads (transport system), power, labour and finance through his ministers. For instance, the minister of agriculture oversees the affairs of agriculture in a nation. The ministers may also be accountable to the national assembly with regards to how they go about their ministries.

4. They bring about maintenance of law and order in a country through the National Security Agencies (NSA) like the police, army, navy and air force.

5. They prepare and execute the nation’s budget.

6. The president approves the law into the constitution.

Plesse read more on the functions of executive, legislative and judiciary arms of government here

Government

The earth is governed by the force of gravity and that’s why everything present on it (humans, plants, animals and even air) is always drawn towards it. You will actually need some form of force greater than gravity in order to pull yourself away from the earth.

As an instance, the earth as we know is spherical in shape and held in space. Also, all humans live on a constantly rotating earth and not inside the earth. Since we live on a spherical earth held in space, how come humans are yet to fall off the constantly rotating earth?

Well, the answer is gravity. Even if we attempt to jump off the earth into space, the force of gravity present on earth will still pull us down. In fact, in order to leave the earth; there has to be a force stronger that gravity; which must be applied to whatever is attempting to leave the earth. For this reason:

Whenever one jumps, a certain amount of force is needed to be applied by that person. However, gravity still return the person back to earth because the applied force had been exhausted.

Please read more on the concept of gravity here.

Physics

The larger the size of an object, the greater it’s force of gravity. Gravity is therefore affected by the size and closeness of objects.

Since the earth is larger than the moon, it will have a greater gravitational force than the moon. We will be more attracted on the earth than we would on the moon if we were astronauts on the moon. This implies that we will weigh differently on both places. For this reason, our weight will also vary on the various planets (because they are of different sizes). This is shown in the diagram below:

Weight depends on the degree at which the gravity on earth or moon or another planet pulls an object while the Mass of any object or body will always remain the same (constant) since it’s the amount or quantity of matter in the body.

Please read on mass versus weight here

Physics

No one is above the constitution, even the president or prime minister.

• The constitution is the supreme law in a country, nation or state.

• The constitution specifies how the nation or state should be governed.

• The constitution gives power to the different organs of government; (that is,  the executive, judiciary and legislature).

• The constitution consists of all the fundamental human rights of the people.

Juxtaposing the above points, below is a definition for the term constitution:

Constitution is a supreme law that specifies the government of a nation, the distribution of powers to the different organs of government within that nation and the fundamental rights of all her citizens.

Please read more on the constitution here

Government

Below are some qualities or characteristics of a constitution:

• It is neither too rigid nor too flexible.

• It accounts for the rule of law, de-centralization of power, an independent Judiciary system and processes of election transparency.

• It accounts for the fundament human rights of the people.

• It allocates power to the different arms of government.

• It must uphold the people’s sovereignty.

• It is written systematically.

You can read on the types of constitution here.

Government

A Black market is said to take place when there is illegal buying and selling of goods and services.

Black markets usually take place outside the government's rader and without government's knowledge so as to avoid tax or any other government regulations.

Black market presents the avenue for government prohibited goods like hard drugs, war weapons and firearms to be bought by criminals.

A black market can also occur on the web for cyber criminals or those who are involved in computer hacking. To achieve their malicious aim, these individuals will go into the dark web and purchase or rent their respective hacking tools for a fee. Normally, payments are made in crypto currencies.

However, a black market isn't generally considered as bad. Infact, it has its advantages and disadvantages.

Please read more on black market here

Economics

Below are some advantages of black market:

• Goods and services are sold at a cheaper price.

• It helps some people make plenty of money.

• The illegal sales of human organs, for example, the sale of human kidneys have aided in saving some lives.

• Some people actually depend on black market for their daily bread.

• Some of the proceeds from black market may be utilized towards the economic growth of a nation. For instance, schools and hospitals had been built with money made from black market.

Economics

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