Bank Wire is a messaging system that allow banks to communicate the various events occurring on a clients’ account.

As an instance, when your account is credited by someone, you may get a notification from your bank with details concerning such transaction.

Such notification(s) from the above instance is a function of bank wire

The term 'wire' in a bank wire signifies a computer based programmed messages that are sent to the bank customers regarding their account information, transactions and other important financial notifications. These messages are always secured and may be encrypted along the wire.

Please read more on bankwire and wire transfer here

Accounts

Balance Sheet Reconciliations is a process of comparing the amounts on a balance sheet general ledger accounts to the details making up those balances, so that all their details agree or match.

Below are some recommendations to follow during balance sheet reconciliations:

1. All balance sheet accounts should be reconciled periodically, quarterly or annually so as to verify that all items have been accurately posted to the account.

2. During the process of acount reconciliation, we will have to analyze the differences and make corrections so that the information is correct, complete and consistent on both accounts.

3. With the balance sheet reconciliations, it is important to compare the trial balances of both payables and receivables with the respective aging schedule balances during reconciliation.

4. In situations where the trial balance is more than the balance of the aging schedule, then it is likely that the entries are placed directly to the general ledger instead of the sub-ledger. One will need to analyze these entries and then relocate them to the sub-ledger.

5. During balance sheet reconciliation, you compare the general ledger trial balance of the account to another source which could be internal; for instance, a sub-ledger or a bank statement.

Please read more on balance sheet reconciliations here.

Accounts

 

The image above shows a right angled triangle. The angle of the above right triangle is denoted as θ. Below are some points to note:

Hypotenuse is always the longest side of the triangle.

Opposite is the side opposite the angle (θ)

Adjacent is the shorter side next to the angle (θ)

Each of Sin θ, cos θ and tan θ are the ratio of sides of the right triangle. They are calculated by using the formula (margic word) sohcahtoa:

soh

Sin θ = Opposite/Hypotenuse

cah

Cos θ = Adjacent/Hypotenuse

toa

Tan θ = Opposite/Adjacent

Please read more on sine, cosine and tangent here

Mathematics

Below are some facts about gold:

• It is the only metal that has a gold (golden) color

• Gold is present inside the earth crust in all the seven continents

• Pure gold is soft and very stretchable (It can even be stretched into threads)

• The Latin name of Gold is aurum which means 'shining dawn'. For this reason, its chemical symbol is 'Au'

• Gold is a very good conductor of electricity. This is why it’s sometimes used in making USB and audio cables

• Gold is non toxic and can be eaten with food. It is sometimes added to desserts in some expensive restaurants

• The term Gold originated from an ancient English word 'geolu' which means yellow

• 24karat gold is the purest gold element

Please read more interesting facts about gold here

Chemistry

An acid has a variety of definitions.

An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water (or when in the form of an aqueous solution).

Svante Arrhenius definition of Acid

An acid is a substance that donates a proton in a chemical reaction.

Brønsted Thomas Martin Lowry definition of Acid

An acid is a substance that accept an electron pair in a chemical reaction.

Gilbert Newton Lewis definition of Acid

Finally, acids can also be also defined as substances that gives out hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) when dissolved in water.

 

In summary, all acids will always contain the positive H⁺ (cation) and an anionic group in their formula. For instance, the acid HCl (Hydrogen Chloride) contains H⁺ as cation and Cl^- as its anion.

Please read the explanations of the above definitions of acid here

Chemistry

The law of supply states that:

The quantity of the supplied services or goods will increase as the price increases and they will decrease as the price decreases provided all other factors remain constant.

These constant factors are very important when stating the supply law. They include:

• The price of input resources

• The kind of technology used during production

• The number of suppliers

• The number of buyers; and so on.

 

A graph that shows the relationship between the price of a product or service, and its quantity supplied is the supply curve.

Supply curve can be defined as a graphical representation of the direct relationship between the prices of goods and services and the quantity supplied (of such goods and services) within a particular period of time provided all other factors remain constant.

Please read more on the law of supply and supply curve here

Economics

Consider the table below:

Needs / Wants	Cost (Naira)
Phone	50,000
Console Game	120,000
Laptop	80,000
Ipad	100,000
Smart watch	85,000
Ipod	40,000

The above table shows us what a scale of preference would look like.

A scale of preference can be defined as the list of a person's needs or wants written in an order of importance.

You will observe that the person puts his most important needs or wants at the top of the list. Further down the list are his less important needs.

Now, let's imagine that this individual has 170,000 Naira to spend. According to the above scale of preference, the followings can be deduced;

• A phone will be considered to be the most important; and it costs 50,000. He buys the phone.

• A console game according to this person is next in importance; and it costs 120,000. He buys the console game.

Another question worth asking is:

• What happens to his other needs?

This is where the term opportinity cost comes into play.

Please read more on scale of preference and opportunity cost here.

Economics

A Pressure group is defined as any formal and organized body or group of people with the same interest and whose main goal is to put pressure on any governmental institution in order to influence government policies and laws to their own gain.

An example of a pressure group whose voice is often heard in Nigeria is the Academic Staff Union for Universities (ASUU).

Another instance of a pressure group in Nigeria is the Bring Back Our Girls (BBOG) group who pressured the Nigerian Government into taking appropriate actions towards the release of the 276 kidnapped female secondary students popularly referred to as the Chibok Girls, in Chibok, Bornu State, Nigeria.

Understand that these innocent female students were kidnapped by the so called 'Boko Haram' terrorists on the night of April 14^th - 15^th, 2014

Government

Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides joined together; thus are also referred to as double sugars.

Disaccharides are often added as sweeteners to food; for instance, the table sugar called sucrose is a disaccharide often used by us to sweeten our tea.

Maltose is another disaccharide used as an ingredient for making malt drinks, chocolates and candies.

The breast milk contains the disaccharide -> lactose.

Lactose is very vital for the normal growth and development of infants.

In adults, disaccharides are non essential nutrients. This implies that we can live without them as adults.

Below is a summary of monosaccharides that make up disaccharides (double sugars).

• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

Other examples of disaccharides include trehalulose and isomaltulose

Basic Science

Polysaccharides are complex sugars. These are what we often eat whenever we eat carbohydrates.

We have four types of polysaccharides namely:

1. Starch

2. Glycogen

3. Chitin

4. Cellulose

Starchy foods include rice, cassava and yam.

Glycogen is stored in the human liver; as a result of the joining of many glucose molecules.

Chitin is a major component of insect and anthropod's skeleton.

Cellulose is a major component of a plant's cell wall. They cannot be digested when eaten by humans; hence they function as roughages.

Roughages are not classified as one the classes of food in humans. This is due to the fact that they aren't digested. They will rather facilitate the movement of bowels in the large intestine (colon). For this reason, they can be very useful in treating constipation.

Please read more on carbohydrates here

Basic Science

Below are some common types of erosion:

• Water Erosion: It is caused by rainfall and flooding on the topsoil. As a result of water erosion, some layers of the topsoil are lost.

• Sheet Erosion: When an entire surface of land becomes eroded at a uniform (equal) level, such is referred to as sheet erosion. It is shown below:
  

• Wind Erosion: It results from the actions of wind on a bare land. Wind erosion is often seen in deserts. Overgrazing and lack of vegetation cover will also enhance wind erosion on topsoil.

Please read more on types of soil erosion here.

Agricultural Science

The uniqueness of man can be defined as that which makes man distinct from every other animal and living organism.

Humans are higher animals when compared to other animals.

Under the classification of living organisms, humans belong to an order termed primates and thus share the same characteristics (as primates). In addition to these features, they also have their unique characteristics.

Please read on man's uniqueness here

Basic Science

Soil erosion is defined as a process through which the topsoil is removed or moved from one point to another by agents like wind, water, man and animals.

Soil erosion occurs naturally (wind and water) and may also be facilitated by living organisms.

Soil erosion is more likely to occur on a sloppy land and land with no vegetation cover. When this occurs, the nutrient rich layer of the topsoil is washed away; and this ultimately results in fewer plants growing on such eroded soil.

Please read more on soil erosion here

Agricultural Science

If men and women enjoyed the same rights, same freedom, same opportunities, same resources and same rewards in all sectors of society, then that's gender equality.

Gender equality is the process of being fair to humans; both males and females.

Below are some ways towards achieving gender equality.

• Education of the girl child

• Encouraging women to go into power

• Putting a stop to sexual harassment and child marriage

• Women and girls empowerment

• Putting a stop to harmful traditional practices against women

• Stopping the violence and war

Please read more on gender equality and ways to achieve it here

Government

Ceramics are refractory. They also require a very high amount of heat and subsquent cooling to be formed.

Being refractory means that they are capable of withstanding a variety of abuses like high temperatures and chemical attacks.

Ceramics are generally made by taking clay from the ground and mixing it with water. It is then shaped into any form and fired inside an oven (called kiln) at a very high temperature. They may then be decorated with a waterproof, paint-like substances called glazes.

Please read more on ceramics here

Basic Technology

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