Python is one of the most popular programming languages, and will still remain relevant for a long time.

Python can be used for almost every kind of project including web application, machine learning, mobile and desktop applications, networking servers, APIs, scrapers, application’s backend and so on.

There is a great availability of third-party libraries for the python language. For this reason, it becomes one one of the easiest languages to learn as a beginner.

Believe it or not, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) still remains one of the most popular backend language for web applications, even though it is currently facing a stiff competition from python language.

Content Management Systems (CMS) like wordpress and drupal are written in PHP for its backend. Interestingly, some of facebook’s backend were also written in PHP.

As at 2019, the backend of more than 40% of active websites are powered with PHP. In fact, Len Academy is also powered by PHP for its backend.

If you wish to manipulate databases via Structured Query Language (SQL) with a programming language that has dynamic capabilities, then PHP is your language of choice.

Please read on the best programming languages to lean here

Below are notable dates on internet evolution:

• 1983: The Domain Name System (DNS) created the '.com .edu .gov .org and .net' systems for naming websites

• 1985: The first registered domain name - 'symbolics.com' came into existence

• 1992: The first audio and video were uploaded over the internet

• 1992: The phrase 'surfing the Internet' became popular

• 1993: The number of websites reached 600

• 1993: White House and United Nations go online

• 1994: Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95

• 1994: Yahoo! is created by Jerry Yang and David Filo

• 1995 Amazon and eBay were launched online

• 1996: 'The Dancing Baby' becomes the first viral internet video

• 1997: Netflix is founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

• 1998: Google search engine came into existence

• 2003: The worm 'SQL Slammer' spread over the internet within 10 minutes

• 2004: Facebook goes online

Please read more notable dates on internet evolution here

Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system.

Physical parts of a computer are those parts that you can see and touch. It may also be referred to as the 'equipment of the computer'.

When the computer case is opened (with a screwdriver), one would see the different hardware components inside of it. It's important to state that some other hardware components are present outside the computer case; and these are termed peripherals.

Below are hardware components seen inside the computer case:

• Motherboard

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

• Power supply Unit (PSU)

• Northbridge

• Southbridge

• Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slots

• Network Interface Card (NIC)

• Random Access Memory (RAM)

• Ventilation fans

• Heat sink

• Hard Disc Drive (external present)

• Solid State Drive (SSD)

• CMOS battery

• Optical Disc Drives (external present)

• USB port, PS2 port, Ethernet port and other ports

• Expansion Ports / Slots

Please read more on computer hardware here

Hardware components seen outside the computer case are called peripherals. The peripherals are grouped into the following:

1. Input devices: They provide information to the computer.

2. Output devices: Brings out information from the computer.

3. Storage devices: They store information or data.

Below are examples of some peripherals:

• Keyboard (input)

• Monitor (output)

• Mouse (input)

• Webcam (input)

• Touch Pad (input)

• Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive or memory card (storage)

• Hard disc drive (storage)

• Stylus (input)

• Joystick(input)

• Printer (output)

• Speaker (output)

• Headphones (output)

Computer Network is a group of computers that are linked to each other such that they can share resources.

Generally, these groups of computers that form a network are called nodes.

Some of these nodes will function to store information which will be served to other computers. The nodes that function to store and serve such information are known as servers.

Some of the computers (nodes) will request information from the server. The computers that functions to request information from the server are known as clients.

Please read on computer networks here

The internet and the world wide web (www) isn't the same thing.

The internet is formed from the joining or linking of different networks.

For instance, Google's network, Facebook's network and Yahoo's network are among the many other networks that make up the internet.

World Wide Web on the other hand is a collection of linked pages (for instance, this page you're on).

There are actually billions of linked pages in various servers around the world.

You require the internet and a web browser to get to access the World Wide Web

Please read more on the internet here

Types of Networks based on geographical size

1. Personal Area Network (PAN): An instance is a Bluetooth connection between two devices.

2. Local Area Network (LAN): This is the network under a single administrative control and usually within a building.

3. Campus Area Network (CAN): This network connects various devices within a campus or college

4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): This network connects two offices or companies within a city.

5. Wide Area Network (WAN): This network connects devices throughout the globe. The internet is a typical example of a WAN.

You can read more on the types of network based on geographical size here

Functions of a router:

1. They ensure that data (preferably called packets) make it to their intended destination.
2. They ensure the security of data to some extent.
3. When a network becomes too big within a Local Area Network (LAN), routers are used to separate such networks.
4. They connect different networks. This is the very reason why you are able to access the internet. (The internet's network and your service provider's network are different; but thanks to the router for connecting them).
5. Multiple devices in the home or office can access the internet through the router, (and with a single IP Address). The term associated with this process is referred to a Network Address Translation (NAT)

Please read on types and functions of router here

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