Topics in Biology
Cellular respiration in biology Len Academy biology mock questions for waec Len Academy biology midterm questions for SS1, 2nd Term Characteristics of saltwater habitat Aquatic habitat explained with its types Types of habitat: Terrestrial habitat explained with examples What is habitat? Difference between plant cell and animal cell Nucleus explained with its structures Nucleus explained with its types and functions Organelles of the cell explained with their characteristics Eukaryotic cell explained with its characteristics Prokaryotic cell explained with its structure Characteristics of prokaryotic cell Concept of cell Cell theory in biology Importance and limitations of ecological pyramid Protists explained with their characteristics Contents of the scrotum: Epididymis, vas deferens, spermatic cord and cremaster muscle Tropical savanna explained with its characteristicsAcademic Questions in Biology
From the above diagram, which of the organ below isn't a requirement for the male reproductive system?
A. Bladder
B. Ureter
C. Glans Penis
D. Testis
E. Bulbourethral Gland
F. Epididymis
A walnut shaped male accessory sex organ located between the bladder and penis is the _____.
A. Ductus Ejaculatorii
B. Bulbourethral Gland
C. Prostate Gland
D. Ductus Deferens
E. Seminal Vesicles
F. Epididymis
In a food chain, the primary consumers are classified under trophic level _____.
A. Zero
B. One
C. Two
D. Three
E. Four
F. Five
Cold blooded animals are referred to as _____.
A. Homeotherms
B. Endotherms
C. Poilokitherms
D. Ectotherms
E. Thermotherms
F. None of the above
All reptiles are vertebrates.
A. True
B. False
_____ cells are responsible for the formation of osteoblasts.
_____ is a bone that constitute the axial skeleton.
Which of the following is false concerning cartilages and bones?
Plants and animals are considered as living organisms because they are both made up of cells. A cell therefore refers to the basic, smallest, structural and functional unit of life.
Please read on the concept of cell here.
The fact that cells are the building blocks of all organisms doesn't imply that all cells are made up an exact same constituent. In many instances, the cells of various organisms can show marked differences. For instance, a bacteria cell is prokaryotic, and it shows a considerable difference from the cell of an eukaryotic organism.
Please read on prokaryotic cell here.
Even among the eukaryotic cells, there may exist some differences within their cells. For instance, plants and animals are eukaryotes with some noticeable differences regarding their cells.
Please read on eukaryotic cells here.
The image below shows a plant and animal cell.
Please read on the differences between plants and crops here.
The table below shows the differences between the cell of plants and animals.
| Plant Cell | Animal Cell |
| They are generally larger with a size of 10 - 30 μm | They are smaller in size, with range from 10 - 30 μm |
| The nucleus is situated towards one side of the cell. |
The nucleus is more centrally located. |
| A large vacuole is present in the center of a plant's cell. Perhaps, this displaces the nucleus. |
A large centrally placed vacuole is absent. However, several small and scattered vacuoles are present. |
| They have a fixed shape which may be squared or rectangular. |
They can be spherical, round or irregular in shape. |
| Its outermost layer is a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose. The cell membrane is present beneath the cell wall. | Its outermost layer is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is quite flexible and expandable. Cell wall is absent. |
|
Centrioles are absent. |
Centrioles are present. |
| Locomotory organelles like cilia and flagella are absent |
Cilia and flagella are present. They are utilized for the cell's locomotion. |
| Intermediate filaments are absent. | Intermediate filaments are present. |
|
Chloroplast are present. Photosynthesis takes place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Please read on autotrophic nutrition and photosynthesis here. |
Chloroplast are absent. Photosynthesis does not occur in animal cell, and as a result, they cannot manufacture food. |
| Plastids are present. They contain similar genome as chloroplasts, but are structurally and functionally different. | Plastids are absent in animal cell. |
| Lysosomes are typically absent. |
Lysosomes are present. You can read on the characteristics of living organisms here. |
| They contain fewer mitochondria. | Numerous mitochondria are present. |
|
Plant cell stores sugar as starch. |
Animal cell stores sugar as glycogen. |
| Plants have a green coloration as a result of their chlorophyll pigment contained in the chloroplast. | Animal cells do not contain chlorophyll. For this reason, animals are not necessarily green in color. |
| Glyoxysomes may be present. They are specialized peroxisomes in plant cells. Peroxisomes are present. | Glyxoxysomes are absent. Rather, peroxisomes are present. |
| Examples of plant cell include the sclerenchyma, parenchyma, collenchyma and xylem cells respectively. |
Examples of animal cell include the ova, spermatozoa, neurones, red blood cells, osteocytes and other somatic cells. You can read the differences between bones and cartilages here. |
Please read keypoints in biology here.
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Amazing facts in Biology
Russia is home to the largest area of forest in our world with a land mass of 815 million hectares
Giant squid lives deep in the ocean and they have the largest eyes in the world
The movements of the fingers are controlled by muscles of the palms and forehands
Platypus (sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus) is an egg-laying, semiaquatic mammal found in eastern Australia. It has no stomach and as such, its food goes from the mouth through the esophagus and directly to their intestines.
Pufferfish contain a toxin called tetrodotoxin. This makes them foul tasting and poisonous to predators. Tetrodotoxin is about 1,200 times more poisonous than cyanide, and there is enough toxin in one pufferfish to kill 30 adult humans. Unfortunately, there isn't any known antidote to this poison.
Interestingly, a delicacy in Japan (called fugu) is made from pufferfish. This meal is very expensive, and must be prepared by trained and licensed chefs. An improper preparation of fugu may lead to the customer's death. Sadly, such deaths are recorded annually
Wombats are the only animal with a cube-shaped poo. They can stack up these cube-shaped poo, marking their territory with it
Robert Wadlow (1918–1940) remains the tallest man ever recorded in the Guinness World Records. He was an American who stood at 8 feet, 11 inches.
An abnormally enlarged pituitary gland had resulted into Robert Wadlow's giant size.
Cockroach is the fastest land animal on six legs
Like humans, all apes laugh when tickled
An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain
Notable points in Biology
An artery is composed of three layers:
The outermost layer is termed tunica adventitia (or tunica external). It consist mainly of collagen fibres and connective tissues that anchors the arteries to other nearby tissues.
The middle layer is named tunica media. It is made up of smooth muscles and elastic fibres that supports the artery in conveying blood at high pressures.
The inner layer is called tunica intima (or tunica internal). It is lined by a smooth tissue called endothelium, and is made up of a fine network of connective tissues.
All living organisms possess various features in order to survive in their environment. This is the concept of adaptation. As an instance, a fish is able to live in water because it has gills and fins.
Also, a camel is able to survive in the desert because it has large feet to aid walking on sand without sinking. It also has long eyelashes to help protect it from the blowing sand and wind.
Plants are also able to live in different habitats because they have the required adaptive features towards that habitat. For instance:
Plants that live in/on water are termed hydrophytes.
Plants that live on land with moderate amount of water are termed mesophytes.
Plants that live on deserts or arid lands are termed xerophytes.
The point is:
All organisms have various features on them that enables them adapt in their habitat
For a thing to be considered living, it must possess all the basic characteristics of life. These include:
Movement
Respiration
Nutrition
Irritability or Sensitivity
Growth
Excretion
Reproduction
Death
Adaptation
Competition
Please read the explanations on all the basic characteristics of life here
During strenuous exercises like sprinting or running, your body may actually work in the shortage of oxygen. During this time, your body owes oxygen (called oxygen debt) and it must be replenished or repayed after the exercise is stopped. This is why you breathe excess of oxygen after you stopped the exercise.
This is the concept of anaerobic respiration
A food chain is a diagram that shows the relationship between plants and animals within a habitat on the basis of how they rely on each other for food.
Note: Habitat is a place where an organism live. It is of three types: